Five Imperatives for the G-20

NEW YORK – The world’s economies are becoming more interdependent than ever, but economic nationalism, protectionism, and beggar-thy-neighbor attitudes are threatening the bonds of trust and cooperation that a truly globalized economy requires. To prevent another recession or worse, the leaders of the 20 wealthiest nations must take aggressive action at the semi-annual G-20 summit in Seoul to develop a broad agenda for more balanced, equitable, and sustainable global growth – and to oversee its strict implementation. Five principles should guide their thinking. First, although differences on trade and economic policy must be addressed, short-sighted self-interest must be countered actively. Excessive surpluses in some countries and excessive debt in others, fueled by undervalued currencies and runaway government spending, respectively, must be curbed. Countries must commit not to withhold exports of key natural resources for political reasons, and to doing all they can to maintain and promote open markets based on principles of reciprocity and long-term sustainability. To make this happen, all major players must remain committed to free trade within the context of a fair and equitable global system, and they must communicate this commitment respectfully, forcefully, and repeatedly to their own publics. As the two most significant global trading powers, the United States and China, especially, must fight tendencies in their own countries to raise hidden barriers or take inappropriate retaliatory action designed to placate domestic public opinion. All economies must address the domestic dislocations that can accompany the freeing up of markets. Second, much stronger efforts must be made to move forward with multilateral trade agreements, particularly by completing the Doha Round of trade negotiations. Although the proliferation of bilateral trade agreements around the world is a positive development, the global economy will suffer enormously if these deals end up coming at the expense of comprehensive agreements, which can do exponentially more to foster global growth. Third, in the context of an increasingly interdependent global economy, all countries’ monetary and fiscal policies must be better coordinated. The G-20 must do far more to harmonize economic and trade policies across countries and continents to catalyze global growth. Unnecessary barriers to cross-border capital flows and direct cross-border investment must be eliminated as economies become stronger. Likewise, we must move far more quickly towards market-driven currency valuations around the world – and towards addressing the massive indebtedness of many developed countries. The G-20 can also play a stronger role in enhancing the skills of regulators in a globally interconnected environment, and should develop a mutually agreed regulatory framework for evolving financial markets. Fourth, far more must to be done to unlock the tremendous human and economic potential of the world’s 1.4 billion people living in dire poverty and without meaningful opportunity. Nine million children die each year before reaching their fifth birthday; 69 million school-age children are not in school; 884 million people have no access to safe drinking water; and 2.6 billion lack access to basic sanitation. Educating and empowering poor and disadvantaged groups around the world, including women, is not only a moral imperative, it is also one of the best investments in long-term, sustainable growth that world leaders can possibly make. G-20 nations must take the lead in making this happen. Finally, innovation must be promoted as a long-term generator of growth. This requires encouraging more effective investments in education and research and development, increasing intellectual property protections, and promoting new international collaborative efforts to help address common challenges in energy, environmental protection, health care, and other areas. The October 23 statement of principles released by G-20 finance ministers makes many of the right noises on some of these issues. But the ministers’ words will ring hollow if, as with similar statements made at prior G-20 summits in London and Toronto, member states do not translate them into action. With America less able to play the leading role in managing the world economy, in some ways responsibility has now shifted to the G-20, with the US and China in the forefront, to set a course of collaboration and coordination, in word and in deed, that can guide global economic growth for the twenty-first century. If G-20 leaders fail to accept that responsibility, and instead choose the path of economic nationalism, the future could look bleak. Jamie Metzl, a member of President Bill Clinton’s National Security Council, is Executive Vice President of the Asia Society. Zachary Karabell is President of RiverTwice Research. They served as Project Coordinator and Project Director, respectively, of the Asia Society Task Force on Global Economic Rebalancing. Copyright: Project Syndicate, 2010.