Rwanda’s updated energy policy is a commendable move towards sustainable energy access, yet its success will depend on more than just ambitious targets. While the government’s aim to achieve 100 per cent energy access within five years is admirable, several hurdles remain - from affordability and clean cooking solutions to regulatory reforms. To genuinely transform Rwanda’s energy landscape, bold changes are necessary. For starters, reducing electricity tariffs to encourage cleaner energy use is a promising step. However, affordability will remain out of reach without substantial financial support and streamlined investments in both on-grid and off-grid solutions. Countries like Kenya have introduced innovative micro-loans and pay-as-you-go models to make solar power accessible to low-income households. Rwanda should look to similar solutions, enabling households to access renewable energy without an overwhelming financial burden. One major challenge is the country’s heavy reliance on biomass for cooking, with 80% of Rwandans dependent on charcoal and firewood. This not only contributes to deforestation but also endangers public health. Government subsidies should be channeled toward clean cooking options such as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and improved cookstoves. India’s Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana scheme, which subsidizes clean cooking fuel for low-income families, offers a model for Rwanda to adapt. Such programmes can ease the transition away from biomass and make clean energy a realistic option for all. Regulatory reform is another area in need of attention. As noted by renewable energy developers, the government’s dual role as both regulator and competitor poses a serious obstacle for private investors. To foster a fairer investment environment, Rwanda should consider a more independent regulatory body to encourage private sector participation, which would enhance energy access and innovation. By lifting the cap on solar installations and offering incentives, Rwanda could see a rapid expansion of its renewable energy capacity, benefiting both rural and urban areas. Rwanda has made significant strides in renewable energy, but achieving sustainable, affordable access for all requires a rethinking of how energy policies are structured. A more open, competitive market, coupled with targeted subsidies and financing options, could make Rwanda a regional leader in green energy. Now is the time to turn policy into action and create a truly inclusive energy future.
