The hidden dangers of tonsillitis: Why timely treatment is essential for health

The tonsils are part of the immune system of the body, i.e. the system which helps fight against diseases in the body. Inflammation of the tonsils is known as tonsillitis. They are located in the throat—part of the pharynx in the throat and nose—where they serve as the first-line barrier against infectious and harmful agents entering the body. Tonsillitis is primarily caused by bacterial or viral infections, resulting in painful and swollen tonsils, high fever, nasal congestion, cough, and possibly difficulty breathing. This causes pain when swallowing and speaking, impairing food intake, and in severe cases, may also affect the swallowing of liquids. The infection is mostly acquired by germs present in droplets in the atmosphere, brought about when another person expels them through coughing, sneezing, or talking. Infection of the ears or nose can also spread to the tonsils. Curettage of the throat done by indigenous healers is yet another source of infection to the tonsils. There can be acute onset of inflammation in the tonsils, which mostly subsides within five to seven days, more so in case of viral infections. Some people have recurring infections, whereas some suffer from chronic tonsillitis, where the inflammation is chronically present, making the person suffer more. An individual of any age or gender can suffer from acute or chronic tonsillitis. Persons with depressed immune systems like HIV-affected individuals, diabetics, etc. are more susceptible to developing chronic tonsillitis. Tonsillitis is often mistakenly viewed as a benign, temporary condition, but untreated or severe cases can lead to serious complications. In case of recurrent or chronic tonsillitis, pockets of pus can form around the tonsils which become difficult to treat and also aggravate the problem. It can reach the ears causing chronic ear pain and discharge which can impair hearing. Infection can spread via the bloodstream to the body causing septicemia. It can also travel to the brain causing inflammation of the coverings of the brain or abscess in brain substance. This can manifest as severe headaches, convulsions, paralysis of limbs, etc. One may not suspect the tonsils as a source of infection thus delaying the treatment. Tonsillitis caused by Group B-hemolytic Streptococcus viridians (a kind of bacteria), is known to cause Rheumatic fever which causes damage to the heart valves as a sequel. It can also damage the kidneys and lead to renal failure. It is wise to prevent tonsillitis, rather than suffering from it. One should avoid cold drinks or food, particularly if one is not sure if they are fresh and safe to take. Somebody with recurrent cough or cold due to allergy should try to control it with suitable measures, lest infection sets in and spreads to the tonsils. People in rural areas should be educated about the risks of throat curettage performed by traditional practitioners. By doing so, they are exposed to the risk of acquiring not only acute tonsillitis but also HIV and Hepatitis B and C infections. Tonsillitis can be easily diagnosed by examining inflamed tonsils. Cultures and drug sensitivity tests can identify the causative bacteria and determine an effective antibiotic for treatment. Anti-inflammatory drugs are needed to reduce inflammation and pain. Along with drugs, drinking large quantities of warm liquids also helps in providing relief from tonsillitis. Hot saline gargles and or steam inhalation are other non-pharmaceutical measures used to soothe the aching throat in tonsillitis. Chronic or recurrent tonsillitis needs surgery for its correction. The formation of pockets of pus is yet another indication for surgery. To remain healthy, one should be prudent enough to avoid problems like tonsillitis. Even if it occurs, it is wise to treat it timely to avoid complications. Dr Rachna Pande is a specialist in internal medicine.

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The hidden dangers of tonsillitis: Why timely treatment is essential for health