Developing countries have been criticized for focusing much on increasing food production in rural areas and forgetting to come up with policies to ensure food accessibility in urban areas. According to a report released by International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), this has increased food insecurity in urban areas  and poverty among citizens.IIED is a global and international development and environment policy research organisation that deals in research, advice and advocacy. It warns that climate change would only make this policy gap worse because the impact of climate change would affect not only harvests but also systems that are used to transport, store, buy and sell food."Food security is back on the agenda thanks to rising prices and the threat that climate change poses to agricultural production,” says the report’s author Dr Cecilia Tacoli. "But policies that focus on rural food production alone will not tackle the rising food insecurity in urban areas. We also need policies that improve poor people’s ability to access and afford food, especially in urban areas.”Most people in urban areas, unlike their counterparts in rural communities, buy their food.And any climate-induced disruption to food production, transport and storage – either in the urban area itself or in distant farmlands – could affect food supply and prices in urban areas,”it says.Yet, most policies that aim at increasing food security focus solely on boosting productions from farms and fisheries in rural areas."The journey that food takes from a rural producer to an urban consumer involves many steps,” observes Dr Tacoli. "It must travel through formal and informal systems as it is stored, distributed and sold. Each one of these steps is a point of potential vulnerability to climate change. For consumers, this will mean sharp and sudden increases in food prices.”Sustaining food security Tacoli says governments must rise to these challenges by ensuring that policies protect the urban poor from food insecurity linked to rising prices, inadequate living conditions and the effects of climate change in both rural and urban areas. However, Dr Agnes Kalibata, the Agriculture minister, in an interview observed that government has embarked on major food programmes to sustain food security including urban areas. She said despite hiked prices caused by international economic crisis all Rwandans access food."We don’t have food insecurity in urban areas; we use all means to ensure that production is based on per capita consumption,” she said, adding that increase in food production was part of poverty eradication programmes that government is spearheading.The report highlights the link between income,  poverty and food insecurity in urban areas. For most low-income urban citizens, it revealed, food represents a sizeable portion of the money they spend. Even small increases in prices would have big impacts of food security, with citizens reducing the amount and quality of the food they purchase.For residents of informal urban settlements, food insecurity is also the consequence of lack of space to store and cook food, lack of time to shop and prepare meals, inadequate access to clean water and often non-existing sewerage systems.These settlements are disproportionately affected by floods, typhoons, heat waves and other impacts of climate change because they tend to be located in areas more exposed to these events, and because they lack the most basic infrastructure.