Infertility or sterility is the inability to conceive after about one year of unprotected sex. Sterility is a big bane in many traditional societies and blame is often put on the woman. But in one third of the cases, fault lies with the man, who often is not even remotely considered to be   responsible for the failure to produce a baby.

There may be defect since birth in the development of reproductive organs in the man, which impair production of sperms. Conditions   like poor development of testes or undecided   testes, i.e. where testes do not enter their proper place in process of development are associated with failure to produce sperms.

Some men have the penis shaped such that they ejaculate posteriorly, thus failing to deposit the sperm in the vagina.  These defects are usually identified much later in life, when the man is examined for some other problem or rarely, where the person accepts to be investigated for infertility.

Problems or infections of the penis or scrotum are also known causes for infertility. Infections in boyhood like mumps, measles, e.t.c.  can often cause inflammation of the testes which passes unnoticed in young children.  As the boy becomes an adult, this may be the cause for infertility.

Hormonal disorders in men as in women are causes for sterility.
 
There are many   risk factors which reduce sperm production and cause infertility in men. Warmth reduces production of sperms in an individual. Therefore wearing very tight trousers or nylon underpants can reduce the sperm count, rendering a man sterile.

Sitting for long hours as in case of desk workers also increases heat over the testicles and impairs their function of sperm production. Obesity is also known to cause infertility by reducing sperm production. This happens because excess fat in the body tissues, locally raises temperature over the testes.

Multiple ejaculations caused due to excess sexual activity, effectively bring down the sperm count to very low levels. It also reduces desire for sex, thus reducing the possibility of conception. Therefore any healthy man who desires a baby should restrict his sexual activity to maybe once in 2 or 3 days. 

Alcohol causes sexual impotence and also inflammation of the testes, thus causing sterility by multiple causes. Similarly tobacco use in any form is also known to diminish sexual function and sterility in men.

There may be problem in transportation of sperms if the tubes are blocked. Infections of the tubes or any trauma can also block the tubes. Mental stress is also known to produce spasms of the tubes thus blocking the passage of sperms.

Sexually transmitted diseases are known to cause inflammation of the tubes or testes or other genital parts, and result in sterility. Tuberculosis of the vas deferens  i.e. male tubes or  testes  also results in sterility.

Therefore if a couple decides to create a baby and fail to do so in one year, both the husband and wife need to be investigated. A sperm analysis is essential for the man, apart from a routine clinical examination.

To get good results, the sample for sperm analysis should be given after about a week or 10 days of abstinence from sex and alcohol, otherwise false low counts may be obtained.

Wearing tight trousers should be avoided. Ideally underpants should always be of cotton as nylon does not allow skin to breathe and is not healthy. One desiring of having a baby should give up alcohol and tobacco.

Any itching or discharge from the genital parts should be treated quickly as these indicate a sexually transmitted disease and can lead to permanent sterility. Similarly hydrocoele (swelling of scrotum) is treated by a minor surgery and when treated can help in improving fertility.

Mental relaxation is also very important to increase one’s libido and also augment chances of reproduction.
Therefore it should be understood very well that a man is also a human being like a woman and can have some problem which prevents conception.

By no means will his manliness reduce if he comes forward for being tested and treated for infertility.

E-mail –rachna212002@yahoo.co.uk