Natural disasters pose severe risks to communities, leading to loss of life, livestock, and the destruction of vital infrastructure. To address these challenges, the United Nations designated October 13 as International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction.

This year, the global theme set by the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction emphasizes the role of education in empowering and protecting youth for a safer, disaster-free future.

ALSO READ: Rwanda identifies 326 disaster hotspots amid regional flood crisis

Minister of Emergency Management, Maj Gen (Rtd) Albert Murasira, said Rwanda observed the day, reflecting on the necessity of implement preventive measures and enhance resilience against the impacts of disasters for everyone.

"Marking of this day serves as a timely reminder that setting up disaster risk reduction measures and engaging in proactive activities play a crucial role in saving lives, protecting property, and contributing to the country's economic growth, security, and development,” Murasira said.

The May 2023 floods and landslides in Northern and Western provinces, claimed more than 130 lives and displaced over 20,000 people are the most devastating Rwanda has had in recent years.

The New Times breaks down the measures Rwanda has implemented to address disaster risk.

1. Identification of disaster hotspots

The government has identified 326 disaster-prone areas across the country, including regions like Gatsata and Jabana in Kigali, which are vulnerable to floods and landslides.

This mapping is crucial for targeted disaster mitigation strategies, guiding resource allocation for the most at-risk communities.

2. Flood protection infrastructure

The government continues to invest in the construction of resilient infrastructure to manage floods. This includes building dikes and retention ponds in areas vulnerable to floods. These structures help protect communities from devastating floods and ensure water is properly managed.

Recent initiatives have been launched including a Rwf7bn project to strengthen flood resilience in the northwestern regions, which are frequently hit by disasters, and Rwf490bn project to control floods in the volcanic region.

3. Restoration of ecosystems

Wetland restoration is a major focus of Rwanda's disaster risk reduction efforts. Wetlands act as natural buffers that absorb excess water, helping to mitigate the impact of heavy rainfall and flooding. The ongoing restoration of these ecosystems is vital to reducing flood risks across the country.

4. Strengthening early warning systems

Rwanda has been enhancing its early warning systems to ensure that communities receive timely alerts about impending natural disasters.

These systems include SMS-based alerts, radio broadcasts, and the use of technology to predict and monitor weather patterns.

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5. Disaster risk awareness campaign

The government conducts awareness campaigns in schools and communities to educate the public on disaster risks. These campaigns are aimed at fostering a sense of ownership of the disaster prevention programmes.

6. Community-based adaptation programmes

Rwanda has implemented community-based programs focused on increasing resilience through initiatives like terracing to prevent soil erosion, and building homes with disaster-resilient features.

These projects ensure that local populations are involved in reducing disaster risks and protecting their environments.

7. Capacity building for local leaders

To enhance disaster response capabilities, Rwanda has launched training programmes for local leaders and first responders. This helps improve coordination and preparedness at the grassroots level, empowering communities to handle disasters more effectively.

ALSO READ: Grassroots leaders seek early warning systems for disaster management

8. Post-disaster reconstruction

In the aftermath of natural disasters, the government focuses on rebuilding affected areas with better infrastructure and planning.

This involves constructing more resilient buildings and roads and bridges that can withstand future disasters, ensuring long-term safety and sustainability.

9. Partnerships for disaster management

Rwanda has cultivated partnerships with organizations such as the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, and local organisations. These partnerships provide funding, technical expertise, and innovative solutions for disaster risk reduction, and support measures such the construction of resilient structures.

10. Emergency relief plans

In response to emergencies caused by disasters, the government launches immediate relief operations, providing food, shelter, and financial aid to affected households. These emergency responses are key to minimizing the economic toll of the disasters and support recovery.

Minister Murasira said that there are ongoing efforts to assist families affected by the 2023 disaster.

Out of 2,100 damaged homes, 778 have been repaired, with 980 more to be completed by year-end.

For the more than 2,700 homes that need repair, construction planned for 2025. The World Bank is providing $26 million for these repairs and new constructions.