The common cold, also known as a viral upper respiratory tract infection, is a contagious illness that can be caused by a number of different types of viruses.

Doctor Kagoro Bob working at Kanombe military hospital says that because of the great number of viruses that can cause a cold and because new cold viruses develop, the body never builds up resistance against all of them. For this reason, colds are a frequent and recurring problem.

The doctors say that the disease is spread mostly by hand-to-hand contact. For example, a person with a cold blows or touches his nose and then touches someone else who then becomes infected with the virus.

Additionally, the cold virus can live on objects such as pens, books, and coffee cups for several hours and can be acquired from such objects.

While common sense would suggest that coughing and sneezing spread the common cold, these are actually very poor mechanisms for spreading a cold.

It is important to understand that going out into the cold weather has no effect on the spread of a cold disease. The reason that there appears to be a relationship is that people spend more time indoors during the cold periods.

In fact, it is the proximity to other people rather than the temperature outside that seems to be the culprit. For this same reason, children in day care or kindergarten are particularly prone to having colds.

Symptoms of the disease

Symptoms of a common cold include nasal stuffiness and drainage, sore throat hoarseness, cough, and perhaps a fever and headache. Many people with a cold feel tired and achy. These symptoms typically last from three to 10 days.

Causes

The common cold disease is caused by viruses such as the rhino virus, Human para influenza vrius, adeno virus and entero virus.

How to overcome the disease

Doctor reveals that the major home impact that we can have on the common cold is hand washing. Hand washing has clearly been shown to prevent the spread of colds.

This can be particularly effective in public places and is recommended before meals. While there is news about treating the common cold with zinc, this is not yet confirmed by adequate scientific research and its benefits remain unproven.

Vitamin C has been considered to reduce the duration of symptoms from a common cold but no medical research has supported this.

Several treatments that can ease the symptoms associated with a common cold also exist. These include decongestants such as pseudoephedrine and nasal sprays such as Afrin and others can help reduce symptoms.

People with heart disease, poorly controlled high blood pressure, and other illness should contact their health care practitioner prior to using these medications.

Additionally, over the counter nasal sprays should not be used for more than three days because the nose can become dependent on them and a worse stuffy nose will result when they are discontinued.

Antihistamines such as Benadryl may help reduce nasal drainage. Only those antihistamines that can also cause drowsiness seem to work.

Again, the elderly or those individuals with other health problems such as prostate trouble and constipation should contact their doctor before using these medications.

Acetaminophen such as Tylenol, ibuprofen can help with the muscle aches. Cough can be controlled with cough syrups containing dextromethorphan.

Finally, drink lots of fluids, use throat lozenges for sore throat, and stay in a moist environment. It is important to notice that antibiotics play no role in treating the common cold. This is because antibiotics only work against illnesses caused by bacteria and viruses cause cold disease.

Further, using antibiotics when they are not necessary has led to the growth of several strains of common bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics including one that commonly causes ear infections in children.

For these reasons it is important to limit the use of antibiotics to situations in which they are necessary. Sometimes, an infection with bacteria can follow the cold virus. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics.

Complications

The common cold can lead to opportunistic coinfections or superinfectionssuch as acute bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, or strep throat.

People with chronic lung diseases such as asthma are especially vulnerable. Colds may cause acute exacerbations of asthma, emphysema or chronic bronchitis.

Ends