Polls have opened across the UK in local and regional elections that could prove historic in Northern Ireland and heap further pressure on embattled Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

The contest for the devolved assembly in Belfast could see a pro-Irish reunification nationalist party win for the first time in the troubled history of Northern Ireland.

The results of Thursday’s polls, which are expected from Friday, could have huge constitutional implications for the four-nation UK’s future, with predicted victors Sinn Féin committed to a vote in the province on reunification with Ireland.

Polls opened at 06:00 GMT on Thursday for the election of councils in Scotland, Wales and much of England, with Johnson facing a potentially pivotal mid-term popularity test.

Poor results could reignite simmering discontent within his ruling Conservatives about his leadership, after a string of recent scandals.

Regional inequality

Johnson, 57, won by a landslide in the 2019 general election by promising to take Britain out of the European Union, and reverse rampant regional inequality.

Despite making good on his Brexit pledge, the coronavirus pandemic largely stalled his domestic plans.

But his position has been put in jeopardy because of anger at revelations of lockdown-breaking parties at his Downing Street office and a cost-of-living crisis.

Heavy losses could revive calls among Tory MPs to trigger an internal contest to overthrow Johnson as party leader and from power.

The polls should also point to whether the main opposition Labour party poses a serious threat, as it tries to make inroads across England despite defending the many gains it made at the last local elections in 2018.

Labour is bidding to leapfrog over the Conservatives into second place in Scotland, behind the pro-independence Scottish National Party (SNP), and remain the largest party in Wales, where 16- and 17-year-olds are eligible to vote for the first time.

The contest for Northern Ireland’s power-sharing assembly is set to capture attention after numerous polls put Sinn Féin ahead.

A University of Liverpool poll reported on Tuesday it remained on target to win comfortably with over a quarter of the vote.

The pro-UK Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and cross-community Alliance Party were tied for second.

Deirdre Heenan, professor of social policy at Ulster University, said there was a feeling the election "really is momentous”.

"It will be a sea change if a nationalist becomes first minister,” she told the AFP news agency.

Sinn Féin – formerly the political wing of the IRA – has dialled down its calls for Irish unity during campaigning, saying it is "not fixated” on a date for a sovereignty poll, instead focusing on the rising cost of living and other local issues.

Future with pragmatism

Party Vice President Michelle O’Neill has insisted voters are "looking towards the future” with pragmatism rather than the dogmatism that has long been the hallmark of Northern Irish politics.

"They’re very much looking towards those of us that can work together versus those that don’t want to work together,” she said.

But her DUP rivals have sought to keep the spotlight on possible Irish reunification in the hope of bolstering their flagging fortunes.

In February, its first minister withdrew from the power-sharing government in protest at post-Brexit trade arrangements, prompting its collapse.

At a final election debate between the five biggest parties, DUP leader Jeffrey Donaldson reiterated the party would not form a new executive unless London rips up the trading terms, known as the Northern Ireland Protocol.

Although many unionist voters share DUP’s dislike for it, the party is also getting blamed.

On Belfast’s staunchly unionist Shankill Road, gift shop owner Alaine Allen paused from selling merchandise marking Queen Elizabeth II’s Platinum Jubilee to complain the Protocol is "killing small businesses”.

"Hopefully they’ll get in again, but no one’s actually working for the people,” the 58-year-old said.

England’s local vote

In England, the Conservatives are predicted to lose hundreds of councillors and even control of longtime strongholds in London to the main UK opposition Labour party.

"People across the country are going to focus on which government, which party, is going to deliver for them,” Johnson said this week.

He has tried to sideline the so-called "partygate” scandal that last month saw him become the first British prime minister to be fined for breaking the law while in office.

In Scotland, SNP leader Nicola Sturgeon is hoping a strong performance in contests for all 32 local authorities can lay the groundwork for another independence referendum.

Johnson has repeatedly rejected the push for a second poll, after Scots in 2014 voted by 55 percent to 45 percent not to break away.