Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne virus that was first identified in 1947 in the neighbouring Uganda. Following a recent outbreak in America, experts are concerned that the virus could spread to Africa and beyond.

The New Times caught up with Dr. Jose Nyamusore, Ag. Division Manager in Epidemic Surveillance and Response (RBC) to discuss about the mode of infection and ways to ensure protection especially in pregnant women.

We understand this virus originated in Africa and later spread to other places, currently what are the most affected countries?

The virus has already spread in many countries, but mostly its existence is significant mainly in Latin America and other Caribbean countries.

Zika affects mainly pregnant women; does this mean they should not travel to any of these countries where there is an outbreak?

It is true that Zika virus can be spread from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Several reports have pointed out birth defects of the brain among the side effects majorly microcephaly, a situation where babies abnormally have small head size. There are also undisputable facts that Zika and the associated birth defects are evolving but conclusions can only be drawn once more research is done.

The Center for disease control recommends special precautions for pregnant women, which among is limiting movements. Pregnant women in any trimester should consider postponing traveling to any area where Zika is spreading and in any case they insist they should seek medical advise on how to prevent mosquito bites during trips.

How should pregnant women who previously traveled to these places handle their health?

Even when they don’t feel sick, they need to consult their health provider as a must. There are certain tests recommended. Fortunately for those infected, several symptoms such as a fever, rash, joint pain, or red eyes may be visible. These are likely to manifest during the trip or within 2 weeks after traveling to a country where Zika has been reported. It is also important to provide the details of their area of travel.

You talked of side effects, what kind of birth defects does the virus cause in pregnant women?

Take an example, there has been a significant outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil since May 2015. Officials in Brazil later noticed an increase in the number of babies with congenital Microcephaly. Congenital microcephaly is often a sign of the brain not developing normally during pregnancy. And this is the exact reason why, health authorities in Brazil, with assistance from the Pan American Health Organization, CDC, and other agencies, have been investigating the possible association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly.

Just like I said, there is still need and room for further studies to determine the degree to which Zika might be linked with microcephaly.

After managing the infection, is there a possibility of resurgence to cause similar birth defects in pregnant women?

Apparently, there is no clear evidence to suggest that Zika virus especially after it is cleared from the blood, poses a risk of birth defects for future pregnancies, the virus usually remains in the blood of an infected person for about a week.

How can people protect themselves against Zika?

There is no vaccine or medicine for Zika. The best way to prevent Zika is to prevent mosquito bites by wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants. Stay in places with air conditioning or that use window and door screens to keep mosquitoes outside. Eliminate mosquito-breeding sites like containers with stagnant water.

Would mosquito repellents work for pregnant and breastfeeding women?

Yes. Use EPA-registered insect repellents. When used as directed, these insect repellents are proven safe and effective even for pregnant and breastfeeding women because they protect against Aedes mosquitoes which causes the virus.

There are new findings that Zika can be spread through sex, what is your take on that?

Fresh findings seem to suggest so and the good thing is that there are recommendations. Testing is very important and I insist you tell your doctor where you have travelled.