Dear doctor,

Recently, I read an article that said dandruff could spell bigger health problems. Is that true? Besides, what exactly causes dandruff and how can it be avoided?

Deo

Dear Deo,

Dandruff is the most common disorder affecting the scalp. It causes irritation, itching and flaking.

Dandruff is the normal process of shedding of dead cells of the scalp, which manifests as flaking. But in some individuals, it occurs in excess amount causing much flaking and irritation along with discomfort. There is seasonal variation, with more cases occurring during winter.

Excess dryness of the scalp is a common problem causing dandruff. This can be due to climate, seborrhoeic dermatitis, shampooing too often, using shampoo with harsh chemicals, poor hygiene of the scalp, not combing regularly, fungal infections of the scalp, etc. problems. People with skin conditions like psoriasis, eczema etc. are more prone to dandruff. Those with reduced immunity such as people suffering from diabetes, HIV/AIDS are more susceptible to have dandruff and in more severe form. Diet deficient in vitamin E and essential minerals also increases possibility of dandruff.

The scalp becomes itchy due to dandruff, where scratching can lead to secondary infections. Excess dryness and flaking makes one more prone to premature greying of hair. For many it is embarrassing as the white or greyish yellow flakes fall on the collar. They also tend to gather on the neck, around the ears and or around ears.

Mild cases of dandruff need nothing more except regular massaging of a light shampoo on the scalp. Special anti dandruff shampoos are available. The anti dandruff ingredients present in shampoos are mostly, tea tree oil, selenium, salicyclic acid, zince pyrithiom, ketoconazole. These ingredients may be present singly or in combination. Each individual has a distinct scalp type and different shampoos may be useful for different types of people.

Dr Rachna Pande is a specialist in internal medicine at Ruhengeri Hospital